Energy Crisis in Pakistan

Energy is the bloodline of a country’s economy. A continuous and sufficient energy `supply can ensure a healthy and progressive economy. Pakistan is unfortunate to face severe energy crisis in recent years. The parting gap between demand and supply is mounting with every year and it is pushing the country into dark ages. Worst part of this menace is the fact the installed capacity of electricity can not only fulfill the energy demand but can also produce surplus amounts of energy. The highest peaks of energy demand are up to 14000 to 14,500 MW and the power generation capacity is 19.500MW.Hence the problem is an outcome of the absence of any viable solutions to add energy to the national grid. The pertaining factors which caused such an intense situation are expensive means of energy production, transmission line losses, lack of infrastructure, circular debts and electricity theft. In addition to that the economy is sinking like rock due to the quagmire of scarcity of power. I t had serious implications on business activity and country faces a shutdown of industry, drain of capital, unemployment and no foreign direct investment.The falling economy took the crutches of foreign debts which caused soaring high amounts of utility bills. Now a days electricity situation is worst and country is challenged by an immense power blackout. The failure of the government to secure sustainable, dedicated and affordable energy supplies has resulted in closure of hundreds of units. It created an outcry in industrial community. It is high time to rectify the mistakes of past and implement long term and short term energy projects to fulfill the future day need of power.

Time Warner Cable

Large-scale mergers between media companies are becoming more and more commonplace in recent years causing alarm to consumers and industry analysts. The result of these mergers has been a consolidation of market competitors causing media ownership and influence to be controlled by a smaller and less diverse group of firms, the essence of anti-competitiveness. Most recently, Compact announced its intent to acquire Time Warner Cable (ETC) which, if approved, will unite the two biggest companies in the cable television market (Steelers, 2014).The merger would give unprecedented power to the newly merged company which would over 30 percent of the pay television subscribers (Baker, 2014). The fact is that separately, Compact and ETC already have market power in numerous local geographic markets. Compact is the nation's largest provider of pay television with 22 million subscribers (41 percent of all homes and businesses in the geographic areas in which Compact operates). ETC is the second largest cable television company with 1 1. 2 million subscribers.After the merger, approximately one third of all cable television bickerers will be Compact customers sparking concern about the amount of leverage and influence one company should control (Rhombohedra & Camilla, 2014). There are varying opinions about the kind of economic industry cable television market operates in. Many argue that cable television is a â€Å"natural monopoly' (source). Economics professor, Thomas Delivered, explains, natural monopolies occur when production technology, such as relatively high fixed costs, causes long-run average total costs to decline as output expands.In such industries, the theory goes, a single reducer will eventually be able to produce at lower cost than any two other producers, thereby creating a ‘natural' monopoly. Higher prices will result if more than one producer supplies the market. (Delivered, 1996, p. 43) Natural monopolies are created when the initial investment in the framework and infrastructure required to enter the market are so high that it discourages other firms from coming into the market. Installing cable lines is an example of the high cost of starting a business in the television industry and a â€Å"first come, first serve† mentality for natural monopolies.Implementing the cable lines is considered a sunk cost and is one reason why there are such overwhelming difficulties to entry in the cable industry. With natural monopolies, economies of scale are also very significant so that minimum efficient scale is not reached until the firm has become very large in relation to the total size of the market allowing it to recoup its investment. The graph below shows the demand curve of a natural market economy (Economics Online, 2014). When price is allowed to be set by the company (P), it results in higher levels of profit and manipulation of the market.The company's main concern is in the bottom line and maximizing its profits. The chart also shows a potential price (Pl) that would result if there was some regulation; for example, government imposes a price cap and the company operates at a loss. The cable television industry has also been described as a â€Å"patchwork of micro-monopolies† (Honda, 2011, p. 1). Since there are a small number of large companies that compete on the national scale, some argue that the industry cannot be classified as a monopoly or natural monopoly.However, the market structure, permitted and/or encouraged by the government, is set up so that Hess companies do not compete on the local level which results in small scale monopolies and little to no choice for the consumers. A 2011 survey by the Federal Communications Commission concluded that 61. 5 percent of customers had only one choice of cable provider in their neighborhood (Marten, 2012). The theory is that through local government legislation and result in nearly non-existent competition on the local level between c able companies has led to a non-competitive oligopoly (Shafer, 2014).Although the cable industry natural monopoly may have made sense initially, the companies that have been able to benefit from this market structure have exploited the consumer and been able to charge high prices for mediocre products. Many of the government regulations that were initially implemented at the onset on the industry were controversial; firms paid franchise fees enabling them to obtain decisions through offers of building public access studios and regulating the rates of the politicians' Jurisdiction (Shafer, 2014).Notwithstanding the exact classification, there is a general consensus that too few companies in the cable television industry hold too much power. It is evident when comparing the service that the American public receives in terms of cable television and broadband from these companies to other developed nations that we consumers receive far less. Americans pay more for their personal service that in any other industrialized country except Chile, Mexico and Turkey (Crawford, 2014).In the United Kingdom, the government forces the cable companies which dominate the market to lease their networks to competitors at cost. This weakening of one of the major barriers to entry in the system has created competition and brought prices down considerably to the UK population (Caddis, 2014). There are many negative consequences for consumers when industries operate in monopolistic or near monopolistic competition. This is especially true when the industry is related to the media and has a great deal of influence on what the public is seeing and hearing.First, the media market will be too reliant on and loyal to large corporate sponsors. The industry will become singularly focused on what it can get from the consumer rather than concern with public interest. Second, a small number of colossal companies will represent the interests of their stockholders, usually America's upper-class. Third, there is a lack of competition in the marketplace which leads to higher prices to the consumer and a lack of innovation in the products offered. These problems are exemplified by both ETC and Compact.In 2012, ETC spent Just 9 percent of its $41 billion revenue on maintaining and upgrading their equipment and networks (Hilt, 2013). Compact spent even less, 3. 7 percent of its $118. 3 billion revenue. There is little reason to believe that two companies spending such a small percentage of their revenue on making improvements to their products and services would change their strategy cost-merger. Consumers are already troubled with the possibility that the merger will be approved. Cable television companies already have critically low satisfaction scores among their clients.ETC and Compact are the two worst offenders in the industry. In 2013, the American Consumer Satisfaction Index gave the two companies the dubious distinction of having the lowest rated television and interne t services in the United States (Ezra, 2014). According to Yogurt's Barehanded, Americans do not want ETC and Compact to merge (Including, 2014). The television cable industry is notoriously retrieved by consumers in general and the announcement of the merger has caused the perception of the two companies to drop even further. The following chart shows how consumers are reacting to the $45 billion deal.In many cases, customers have no recourse other than cutting the cable cord completely if they do not choose Compact or ETC. There are many non-cable media options for the public to patron however, one major section of the population has no choice but to subscribe to cable: sports fans. This is of particular concern to the Dodgers and Lasers fans in Los Angles. Currently, ETC spent billions to obtain eradicating right to both massively lucrative sports franchises (Baker, 2014). This allows ETC to extract steep subscriber fees to its non-cable competition.When the negotiations between the companies stall or are incomplete, ETC blacks out the games to those who do not subscribe to ETC. This is especially problematic for sports fans who do not have the choice to become customers of ETC since the company does not even offer services in their region. Additionally, those customers who cut the cable cord are likely only able to access internet through the same company that was already overcharging for their television service. They will be able to watch Nettling or Hull instead of cable television but will still have to pay Compact in order to do so.It creates a catch-22 in the industry and very little choice for consumers in terms of who they select as their service provider. The merger between Compact and ETC will have a much greater impact than simply in the cable television industry alone. There will be a ripple effect in internet and phone service as well as the other media that these companies own such as NBC Universal and Sportsmen. The merged company's control will be more widespread because of their various endures making it all the more potentially harmful to the consumer.

Games Theory Essay

In game theory, Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a solution concept of a game involving two or more players, in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only his own strategy unilaterally. If each player has chosen a strategy and no player can benefit by changing his or her strategy while the other players keep theirs unchanged, then the current set of strategy choices and the corresponding payoffs constitute Nash equilibrium. Stated simply, Amy and Phil are in Nash equilibrium if Amy is making the best decision she can, taking into account Phil’s decision, and Phil is making the best decision he can, taking into account Amy’s decision. Likewise, a group of players is in Nash equilibrium if each one is making the best decision that he or she can, taking into account the decisions of the others. However, Nash equilibrium does not necessarily mean the best payoff for all the players involved; in many cases, all the players might improve their payoffs if they could somehow agree on strategies different from the Nash equilibrium: e.g., competing businesses forming a cartel in order to increase their profits. The prisoner’s dilemma is a fundamental problem in game theory that demonstrates why two people might not cooperate even if it is in both their best interests to do so. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher working at RAND in 1950. Albert W. Tucker formalized the game with prison sentence payoffs and gave it the â€Å"prisoner’s dilemma† name (Poundstone, 1992). A classic example of the prisoner’s dilemma (PD) is presented as follows: Two suspects are arrested by the police. The police have insufficient evidence for a conviction, and, having separated the prisoners, visit each of them to offer the same deal. If one testifies for the prosecution against the other (defects) and the other remains silent (cooperates), the defector goes free and the silent accomplice receives the full one-year sentence. If both remain silent, both prisoners are sentenced to only one month in jail for a minor charge. If each betrays the other, each receives a three-month sentence. Each prisoner must choose to betray the other or to remain silent. Each one is assured that the other would not know about the betrayal before the end of the investigation. How should the prisoners act? If we assume that each player cares only about minimizing his or her own time in jail, then the prisoner’s dilemma forms a non-zero-sum game in which two players may each either cooperate with or defect from (betray) the other player. In this game, as in most game theory, the only concern of each individual player (prisoner) is maximizing his or her own payoff, without any concern for the other player’s payoff. The unique equilibrium for this game is a Pareto-suboptimal solution, that is, rational choice leads the two players to both play defect, even though each player’s individual reward would be greater if they both played cooperatively. In the classic form of this game, cooperating is strictly dominated by defecting, so that the only possible equilibrium for the game is for all players to defect. No matter what the other player does, one player will always gain a greater payoff by playing defect. Since in any situation playing defect is more beneficial than cooperating, all rational players will play defect, all things being equal. In the iterated prisoner’s dilemma, the game is played repeatedly. Thus each player has an opportunity to punish the other player for previous non-cooperative play. If the number of steps is known by both players in advance, economic theory says that the two players should defect again and again, no matter how many times the game is played. Only when the players play an indefinite or random number of times can cooperation be an equilibrium (technically a subgame perfect equilibrium), meaning that both players defecting always remains an equilibrium and there are many other equilibrium outcomes. In this case, the incentive to defect can be overcome by the threat of punishment. In casual usage, the label â€Å"prisoner’s dilemma† may be applied to situations not strictly matching the formal criteria of the classic or iterative games, for instance, those in which two entities could gain important benefits from cooperating or suffer from the failure to do so, but find it merely difficult or expensive, not necessarily impossible, to coordinate their activities to achieve cooperation. Strategy for the classic prisoner’s dilemma The classical prisoner’s dilemma can be summarized thus: Prisoner B stays silent (cooperates) Prisoner B confesses (defects) Prisoner A stays silent (cooperates) Each serves 1 month Prisoner A: 1 year Prisoner B: goes free Prisoner A confesses (defects) Prisoner A: goes free Prisoner B: 1 year Each serves 3 months Imagine you are player A. If player B decides to stay silent about committing the crime then you are better off confessing, because then you will get off free. Similarly, if player B confesses then you will be better off confessing, since then you get a sentence of 3 months rather than a sentence of 1 year. From this point of view, regardless of what player B does, as player A you are better off confessing. One says that confessing (defecting) is the dominant strategy. As Prisoner A, you can accurately say, â€Å"No matter what Prisoner B does, I personally am better off confessing than staying silent. Therefore, for my own sake, I should confess.† However, if the other player acts similarly then you both confess and both get a worse sentence than you would have gotten by both staying silent. That is, the seemingly rational self-interested decisions lead to worse sentences—hence the seeming dilemma. In game theory, this demonstrates that in a non-zero-sum game a Nash equilibrium need not be a Pareto optimum. Although they are not permitted to communicate, if the prisoners trust each other then they can both rationally choose to remain silent, lessening the penalty for both of them. We can expose the skeleton of the game by stripping it of the prisoner framing device. The generalized form of the game has been used frequently in experimental economics. The following rules give a typical realization of the game. There are two players and a banker. Each player holds a set of two cards, one printed with the word â€Å"Cooperate† (as in, with each other), the other printed with â€Å"Defect† (the standard terminology for the game). Each player puts one card face-down in front of the banker. By laying them face down, the possibility of a player knowing the other player’s selection in advance is eliminated (although revealing one’s move does not affect the dominance analysis[1]). At the end of the turn, the banker turns over both cards and gives out the payments accordingly. Given two players, â€Å"red† and â€Å"blue†: if the red player defects and the blue player cooperates, the red player gets the Temptation to Defect payoff of 5 points while the blue player receives the Sucker’s payoff of 0 points. If both cooperate they get the Reward for Mutual Cooperation payoff of 3 points each, while if they both defect they get the Punishment for Mutual Defection payoff of 1 point. The checker board payoff matrix showing the payoffs is given below. These point assignments are given arbitrarily for illustration. It is possible to generalize them, as follows: Canonical PD payoff matrix Cooperate Defect Cooperate R, R S, T Defect T, S P, PWhere T stands for Temptation to defect, R for Reward for mutual cooperation, P for Punishment for mutual defection and S for Sucker’s payoff. To be defined as prisoner’s dilemma, the following inequalities must hold: T > R > P > S This condition ensures that the equilibrium outcome is defection, but that cooperation Pareto dominates equilibrium play. In addition to the above condition, if the game is repeatedly played by two players, the following condition should be added.[2] 2 R > T + S If that condition does not hold, then full cooperation is not necessarily Pareto optimal, as the players are collectively better off by having each player alternate between Cooperate and Defect. These rules were established by cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter and form the formal canonical description of a typical game of prisoner’s dilemma. A simple special case occurs when the advantage of defection over cooperation is independent of what the co-player does and cost of the co-player’s defection is independent of one’s own action, i.e. T+S = P+R. The iterated prisoner’s dilemma If two players play prisoner’s dilemma more than once in succession and they remember previous actions of their opponent and change their strategy accordingly, the game is called iterated prisoner’s dilemma. The iterated prisoner’s dilemma game is fundamental to certain theories of human cooperation and trust. On the assumption that the game can model transactions between two people requiring trust, cooperative behaviour in populations may be modelled by a multi-player, iterated, version of the game. It has, consequently, fascinated many scholars over the years. In 1975, Grofman and Pool estimated the count of scholarly articles devoted to it at over 2,000. The iterated prisoner’s dilemma has also been referred to as the â€Å"Peace-War game†. If the game is played exactly N times and both players know this, then it is always game theoretically optimal to defect in all rounds. The only possible Nash equilibrium is to always defect. The proof is inductive: one might as well defect on the last turn, since the opponent will not have a chance to punish the player. Therefore, both will defect on the last turn. Thus, the player might as well defect on the second-to-last turn, since the opponent will defect on the last no matter what is done, and so on. The same applies if the game length is unknown but has a known upper limit. Unlike the standard prisoner’s dilemma, in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma the defection strategy is counterintuitive and fails badly to predict the behavior of human players. Within standard economic theory, though, this is the only correct answer. The superrational strategy in the iterated prisoners dilemma with fixed N is to cooperate against a superrational opponent, and in the limit of large N, experimental results on strategies agree with the superrational version, not the game-theoretic rational one. For cooperation to emerge between game theoretic rational players, the total number of rounds N must be random, or at least unknown to the players. In this case always defect may no longer be a strictly dominant strategy, only a Nash equilibrium. Amongst results shown by Nobel Prize winner Robert Aumann in his 1959 paper, rational players repeatedly interacting for indefinitely long games can sustain the cooperative outcome.

Listening Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Listening Skills - Essay Example From childhood onwards the listening process starts. Parents and the teachers are the major entities which speak to the children during their childhood and adolescence. â€Å"The average college student spends about 14 hours per week in class listening (or perhaps I should say "hearing"--there is a difference!) to lectures† (Listening Skills, 2006). After grown up, we usually listens the complaints and suggestions of our children, friends, and co-workers. Good listening skills, apart from orating skills are essential for a manager to take sound decisions. It is difficult to understand a topic clearly if we read or write about that topic. Along with reading and writing, listening is the third essential segment of learning process. Listening is an active process which has three basic requirements like hearing, understanding and judging. (What does it mean to really listen?, 2009). A person said to be heard something if he was able to reproduce it. For example, we have often witnessed people sleeping at the hall when the politicians like speakers lengthen their speeches. Such sleeping people cannot be said that they heard what the speaker has told. So a mere presence alone may not guarantee proper hearing. Understanding is the second step of listening. Hearing will become meaningless if the audience does not understand anything. For example, suppose, a child of 6 years attending a college level class. Even if the lecturer tries too hard, the child may not understand anything because of his lack of awareness about the topic. In this case we can safely say that even though the child hears the full lecture, he understands nothing and his listening becomes meaningless. Judging is the third part of the listening process. â€Å"After you are sure you understand what the speaker has said, think about whether it makes sense. Do you believe what you have heard? You might think, "How could the stripes to be different for every zebra? But then

Literary Elements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literary Elements - Essay Example The essay is hereby written to proffer a literary analysis of â€Å"Rain Man† as a movie depicting an exceptional ability to conform and surpass the standards of meeting the holistic requirements for literary excellence in film. For any movie or film to be qualified as good, the following elements must be exceptionally designed: (1) a plot (or the content of the story) that is credible, unified, highly interesting, (2) the quality and choice of casts for the roles are appropriately selected, (3) a particular genre or literary type is clearly depicted, (4) excellent audio visual quality is observed and employed, (5) cinematography (or the structure and form in actual beauty of art) is highly eminent, and (6) moral or message of the story is exuded. Plot The story evolved around Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) who portrayed a self-centered hustler determined to find out the reason why his late father left a substantial inheritance to someone, initially unknown to him but whom he la ter found out to be his autistic brother, Raymond (Dustin Hoffman). Their escapades ranged from diversely unique and interesting hostage to cross country saga, to using the extraordinary talents of Raymond in Las Vegas as leverage to regain the fortune. The turning point of the movie was antithetical climax transforming the original selfish intent to heartwarming realizations for Charlie as he discovered sincere and genuine emotions for his brother, he previously was incapable of. Casts and Characters Dustin Hoffman, in his rendition of an autistic individual, won an Oscar award as Best Actor for the movie. Of course, the talent and charisma of Tom Cruise was instrumental in enhancing the performance of Hoffman in the film. In its simplicity in character and roles, the movie was highly effective in arousing the interest of the viewers to determine the climax of the story. Likewise, the movie won four Academy Awards in the following categories, to wit: Best Picture, Best Director, Be st Actor and Best Original Screenplay. Genre, Visual Quality, Cinematic Points of View Generally classified as drama, the film was highly exceptional in creating humorous situations through the bonding being reestablished by Charlie with Raymond. The choice of scenes, costumes, sound tracks, and other set designs contributed to the holistic molding of a unified theme depicting Charlie’s happy-go-lucky character and the mysteriously sublime role portrayed by Raymond, as a naive yet talented man, despite his disabilities. The various awards attested to the prodigious quality of the film meriting the Best Picture from the rest of the films created during that period. Moral of the Story The journey of Charlie with an initial attempt to redeem what he thought was rightfully his, provided the impetus for revealing that blood is indeed thicker than water. Viewers could initially empathize with Charlie in his attempt to get his equitable share of the family fortune. As the story unfo lds, the innocent, sheltered and lonely world familiar to Raymond would transform the viewers’ sentiments to him. The plot and theme were innovatively written to stir emotions and uplift the spirits to unprecedented levels. The ultimate goal of the movie is thereby to enkindle the senses of the viewers to realize that love for one’s family and relationships are far greater than what material things can give. Conclusion A film that

Who I am Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Who I am - Essay Example My migration to the United States was a significant event in my life. Although I took some time to adjust to the new culture, I gradually started feeling at home. I started seeing the merits of the American values. I also greatly admire and enjoy the freedoms that the citizens are entitled. I have a total of 8 siblings – 3 brothers and 5 sisters. I am the youngest of them all. We are a closely knit family. My mother took the sole responsibility of raising all of us, in the absence of my father. My mother struggled hard to keep the family afloat and it is to her that I am most indebted. Her hard work had paid off and we are all successful in our lives today. I do not have any friends. However, my extended family provides me with all the warmth and companionship that I require. I cherish the moments of love and care that I shared with my brothers and sisters. Being the last child of the family, I was particularly well looked after by everyone. Some of my brothers and sisters live in different parts of the country. But we are in regular contact and the distance has not diminished our mutual concern. My mother especially enjoys visiting all her children scattered across this expansive country of ours. I am married and have two children. The elder one is Theresa, who is 3 and half years old. The younger one is Alicia, who is 17 months old. I have a very supporting husband who can understand and relate to all my concerns and worries. My children bring such joy into my life. I am keen on providing them with quality education and all the assistance and guidance to fulfill their potentials. My husband and children are very dear to me. My well being is directly connected to my family’s wellbeing. This is another motivation for my getting professionally qualified. On successful completion of this course on Radiology, I would be eligible to seek a job as a Radiologist in a hospital laboratory. The

Political Economy of Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Political Economy of Communications - Essay Example Herein, it should be noted that the major distributors of 19th and 20th century Nickelodeon era were pioneers of motion pictures namely Thomas Edison, George Eastman and more. It was the moment in the history of film developmental era that distributors like Thomas Edison monopolized the market of motion pictures. This paper is a clear understanding of the readings that have been selected for undertaking political economic analysis. Investors in the US film industry were one of the major cultural shifts that were noted in the 19th century. With the advancement of technology, the field developed to the extent in 20th century when motion pictures were being broadcasted with the help of celluloid. This further provided recognition to the filmed entertainment. However, the pioneers were the ones who had control over the equities (Litman 15). In order to gain capital, more and more innovation was needed in this newly born economic sector. It is for this reason that Thomas Edison used all h is engaging resources in order to sell motion pictures. The fact remains that capital that was being received by filmed entertainment did not exceed much until the nickel arcades spurted up. In order to gather larger groups of consumers, an arena was needed where people could experience entrainment resulting in buying products from the distributors (Bettig and Hall 110). The invention of Kinestoscope and camera stands allowed the filmmakers to record films more than a minute duration. A penny was the minimal cost for viewing the motion films. It was much needed that the hold of the industry was divided among more people because the filmed entertainment was merely being provided to the upper classes only (Meehan 48). The domestic companies such as Bio-graph and Vita-graphs helped in taking the films to middle class as well. As discussed in Meehan’s study, these domestic companies joined hands with the international companies as well that were focusing distributing of films acr oss borders in order to gain the hold of international markets. By this time, it was evident that motion films were now out of pioneer control i.e. Thomas Edison and George Eastman. Films were no longer limited to the premises of penny arcades, parlors etc. as more and more people ushered to experience filmed entertainment within exhibitions (Meehan 52) At this point of the film development, exhibition criterion became a new way to earn money. This rather made film industry became a serious economic contributor for which increased entrepreneurs joined the field as filmmakers and distributors. According to Betting and Hall, the increase in filmmakers and points of exhibitions, there was an avid need of increasing the crowd for viewing the films (Litman). It was for this reason that the rate of per viewing was kept flat. One viewing cost remained one penny for a long time for which films were made from ten minutes to sixty minutes. The change in films was increased so that the Nickelo deon (penny theatres) could have stayed flocked. At this point, films were made a regular entertainment as an accepted culture (Bettig and Hall 62). This helps us understand that the economic model that was applied at the origination of the film was to keep the cost minimal by making sure that the production was limited as well. It is one of the reasons behind film duration to be no more than sixty minutes (Bettig

Recycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Recycling - Essay Example ce and prevent waste of materials that are useful, minimizes the usage of new raw material minimizes energy usage, air pollution and water pollution and reduced green house effect in comparison to the production of plastic. The key component of the modern waste elimination is recycling (PORTER, 1985). Recycling of glass is the process by which waste glass are turned into some usable products. The waste glass is separated by different chemical compositions. These may also be sorted into various colors. Often recyclers gather glass of different colors separately as glass has a tendency to retain its original color even after being recycled. The glass mostly used for consumer containers include green glass, brown glass and colorless glass (PORTER, 1985). Glass is in very huge amount in industrial and household waste because of its high density and weight. The components of glass in these wastes are usually broken glassware, bottles, bulbs and many more items. A very huge amount of this waste is due to the manual ways of making glass object that has a very high defect rate. Recycling of glass uses lower energy than making glass either from lime, sand or soda (PORTER, 1985). In a home renovation, the effective management of waste infrastructure is needed for treatment and collection where it can be used as a raw material. If we want to renovate our home, so we will first think about what infrastructures can be modified or not; and about glass and wood in the house. Each year in Europe about 1.2 million glass waste tones is producing by renovation and demolition of the buildings. Glass amounts to 0.66% of demolition and construction of the continent of Europe. Either you can dispose the glass off or renovate it. Dismantling is the procedure when glass is taken away from the home and taken away by its kind as per the planned end use. Cullet processing is the time when incomplete quantities of Demolition and Construction glass are used as in there is not a standardized

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Essay Example Being rooted in the child’s experience, drama as a learning medium involves thinking, questioning, taking responsibility for actions, and use of space. Since there is active participation of children in drama, learning takes place spontaneously, which leads to later learning of higher order. The theories of educationists like Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner contribute to the use of drama as a learning medium. According to Jean Piaget, the child goes through several stages of development, one of which is the Preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7. At this stage, the child is acquiring motor skills. Magical thinking is foremost at this stage. He appreciates drama and relates to it. A child at this stage learns quickly from the dramatized version of ‘Jack and the Beanstalk’ or â€Å"The Lion King†, elements of vocabulary, arithmetic and a little geography. Since at this stage of the child’s development his egocentricism has begun, he can relate to the central character of the drama. But, according to Piaget, he cannot conserve or use logical thinking yet, which he starts using in the next stage of his development. The next stage of development in children is the ‘concrete operational stage’ which spans the ages from 7 to 11. At this stage of their development, children have started thinking logically, and concretely, but they need aids for conserving and thinking logically. Higher order thinking is beginning and they are helped by drama at this stage of learning. After the age of 11, children start to think and conserve abstractly. Here, they appreciate and learn from drama based on detective stories such as Sherlock Holmes. Piaget explains that the child ‘s perceptions of notions of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ , and ‘valid’ , ‘proper’, and ‘necessary’ develop during these stages. He constructs his theory of actions which are correct and effective, by the process of objectification, reflection and and

Public Relations Society of America's ethical standards Research Paper

Public Relations Society of America's ethical standards - Research Paper Example Therefore, members of PRSA focus on serving the public, thereby taking obligations that involve operating ethically. In this case, this paper focuses on presenting brief history of PRSA’s ethical standards, their functions and effects on public relation professionals and profession. Moreover, this paper seeks to determine ways through which PRSA has strengthened and weakened certain professionals and agencies. Reputation acquired through affiliation to PRSA is valuable to members; in fact, it is highly dependent upon their ethical conduct (PRSA, Member, 1). In addition, these members focus on setting examples among themselves and other professionals by achieving excellent standards of performance, professionalism and ethical behaviors. Nevertheless, there are situations when emphasis to enforce Public Relation Society of America’s ethical standards has been ignored. In this case, this has led to decision by PRSA board of Directors to expel or bar some parties in the soc iety from joining PRSA membership (PRSA, Member, 1). For instance, individuals who have been involved in sanctions from government agencies or convictions in courts due to issues concerning violating code of ethics become liable to expulsion from PRSA membership. Therefore, PRSA overview indicates that it focuses on prime obligation, which involves promotion of ethical practices among professions, organizations and professionals. History of Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) Public Relations Society of America commenced in 1950, whereby it was established through a desire to form student counterpart (Garcia, 3). After some time, this interest was diminished, though there were few professionals, who made efforts to rekindle PRSA. Besides, members of PRSA lost their interest on PRSA leading to a notion that discredited PRSA, through claims that it could not be taught. Nonetheless, the chairperson of PRSA’s Education Committee, who was called Howard Penn Hudson, decided to change people’s perception towards PRSA, in 1965 (Garcia, 3). In this case, he made effort to reestablishing initial affiliation with students through clubs, societies and fraternities. The process to rekindle PRSA began by invitation of six schools in 1965 by Ovid Davis, who was the president of PRSA (Garcia, 4). In fact, this invitation was aimed at gathering members together for that year’s National Conference in Denver. In 1967, the president of Division of the educators’ organization, Professor James Young decided to call Association for Education in Journalism (AEJ), thereby establishing his arguments that there was need for PRSA in processes of developing students with professional orientation (Garcia, 4). In fact, this effort was supported by groups of independent student, who did not have guidance to meet PRSA objectives. On the other hand, there where groups, which had a significant interest on the future of PRSA, and this led to establishment of Lo ng Range Planning Committee of PRSA in 1967 (Garcia, 4). Moreover, during the following year, there was an establishment of PRSA chapters in nine schools, which offered courses in public relations, and this has led to developments such as establishment of PRSA’s ethical standards in the present days. Functions of PRSA Ethical Standards One of the significant functions of PRSA’s ethical standards is to apply public relations in order to pivot ethics among its practitioners or members. In future of professionals, who

McClellands Theory of Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McClellands Theory of Needs - Essay Example Furthermore the essay also includes the way in which this theory has impacted me in the process of motivating others in the workplace. It is already mentioned earlier that according to McClelland there are three different classes of needs – need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation. Need for achievement is referred to the internal drive to excel. Such need is responsible for creating a tendency for setting moderately difficult goals which involve moderate risks. Furthermore this need results in a preference regarding situations where personal responsibility is associated with outcomes. Need for power, on the other side, is the need of making others behave in the way in which the person wants. This type of need generates a desire of influencing others and a tendency of advocating riskier positions. The last need is the need for affiliation that is referred to the desire for close and friendly relationships with the co-workers (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Such need is mainly responsible for making people like others. McClelland and all his associates who are involved in the research behind the development of such a crucial theory mainly focused on the first type of need – need for achievement. McClelland’s ‘needs theory’ is one of the most important motivating theories because it is one of those rare theories that are properly supported by extensive research. Furthermore the theory involves three of the most important aspects that are integrally related to the motivation of an individual in a particular organization. According to Charleston C. K. Wang, â€Å"McClelland was careful to note that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between a person’s needs and behavior† (Wang, 1993). It is also found that McClelland used to believe that most of the effective managers have high need for power and low need for affiliation.

TESOL Thesis Statement Essay Example for Free

TESOL Thesis Statement Essay China has arisen in all perspectives of the twenty-first century. Parents in China play crucial roles of children learning and they are now more concern about the English ability their children have enhanced which means teacher must pay greater attention to the communication between parents and teacher and the challenge it brings. Thesis Closed policy The closed policy has created difficulties, for Chinese students in methods of learning and in connecting with foreign cultures. Further, students in China are hard to combine the concepts and cultures they have learned to the reality. For example, they will not be able to surf the internet freely and watch the worldwide TV News. (Jian-Hua Xu 2009) It means they do not have chance to explore themselves to different cultures and learning environment. Self-cultivation China technology and Economic has fast developed in the past ten years. Their living standards and environments have improved quickly. However, the attainments in self-cultivation of people do not process that fast. It needs certain amount of time for people to digest and evolve. (Yan-Hua Liu 2009)These situations caused the problem that people in China are not familiar to communicate with people outside the country and enhance new cultures and learning styles. According to the reading materials, this is how intercultural communication takes place. (Carter and Nunan 2001) This will create a conflict between teacher and parents that learning English is not only a school subject or language; it is more like a process of meeting new cultures and enlarging  perspective. Parents also need to be educated to respect and enhance the culture differences. Historical perspective From the historical perspective, the great Chinese thinker and social philosopher Confucius has a great impact on student’s learning habit and influence the way of Chinese thinking. There are a lot of great ideas he had brought up. However, he had brought up one concept that people should not make mistake over three times on the similar subject. Even though his main idea is to share the concept of avoiding make mistakes on the same situation. It is deeply rooted in people’ mind of China which caused Chinese students are very afraid to make mistake in class, even to speak up. (Te-Sheng Ye2011) This situation puts ESL teacher in an awkward position. Students do not speak up in class; it is hard for teacher to assess how much do the students have enhanced in the language and how to adjust the lesson. Therefore, it is important for ESL teacher to communicate with parents about the way of learning English should be bolder and guide their children to learn from asking questions and learn from mistakes. Educational system The Educational system in China is really intense. There are too many people but only a few of them will be able to receive higher and better education. The few famous schools become really hard to get into and the standards become more and more strict. The educational policy makes both students and parents under tremendous pressure and force the competition between students become furious. Parents in China become very aggressive, they are afraid that their children will lose to the others. So, they cram their children with endless lessons after school which blots out the interest and motivation of learning to their children. Learning English is not interesting for Chinese kids, within grade three, they will be able to analyze the grammar error and sentence structures. Their aim to learn English is not communicate, is to score high marks in the non-stop examinations in order to get in good school. It is crucial for ESL teacher to guide those parents to think about learning English is not only to cater with the examinations but to enhance another language. And, to get good scores and get in a good school are just an added value when those children master the language well. Conclusion Learning English is not only between children and the teacher, it needs parents to get involved. The attitudes of parents are matter to the learning efficiency of the children. Teaching English in China is not easy, parts from the perspectives of closed policy, history and educational system, the most important part is to have affective communication with parents. Unless the communications between children, parents and teacher attain balance, the learning efficiency and the added in value will benefit the children the most. It is important for teacher to guide parents to know how to motivate and access in their children’s learning. The right way to educate parents is also a crucial issue to concern. Teacher should cultivate parents instead of seeing English as a school subject, it should be value more as the process will also teach students to experience and explore the world.

The Development Of Punk Rock

The Development Of Punk Rock Punk rock first appeared during the 70s in the Bowery district of New York, it was basically a bunch of amateur bands who wanted to make music. Studio executives didnt care much for rock at the time, unless it was something hugely popular like Peter Frampton, Black Sabbath or Led Zeppelin, instead they focused on the saccharine sounds of disco. Most bands were made up of normal blue collar kids didnt have access to a musical education and as such they chose to make it up as they went along. But just as it seemed rock music was about to disappear in the spandex and hair of glam rock or the pomp and ceremony of prog rock, Punk rock was born. It was more a philosophy of how to get out and do things. Bands like the Ramones and Talking Heads had to play in an almost abandoned music venue called CBGBs because no other place would accept them. The Ramones toured America and the UK in 1977 and in their wake bored kids everywhere wanted to emulate them bought whatever instruments they could find and started to make their own sounds. Most had no real education and no musical values but they had a drive to change musics place in society and created many enduring, sometimes political pieces of musical art as they went. The powerhouse behind punk rock back in the late 70s and early 80s was a basic ethos .it had to be fun, and stimulating, you didnt have to have money to invest or a lot of time to spare to become a punk rocker but this was a situation most found themselves in : pennyless and bored. Because everything was cheap, clubs, tapes, instruments, magazines, records it was easy to promote your new band and you didnt have to follow any conformist rules, or try to please anyone but yourself. Originators of the sound While it would be incredibly difficult to write about all of the punk bands of the era there are a few who stand out above all as originators of this new sound that was about to change the social conscious much more than the hippy movement of the 60s. Taking a lead from Alvin Lucier whose seminal piece I am sitting in a room introduced the world to the subtle harmonics of repetition and the use of room reverb to act upon a sound bringing the idea that sound, looped would eventually transpire to into a pure sound called white noise were Lou Reed and John Cale. They formed The Velvet Underground in 1965. Reed had previously worked as a songwriter for Pickwick records, while Cale studied the viola, classically, giving both a solid basis in the traditional rules of songwriting but what they added to that was a drive to break all those rules which gave birth to the early concept for the band, which was to try to sustain single notes for 2 hours at a time, which while artistically perfect it was a sound that was not going to sell a lot of records. 1966 saw the pop artist Andy Warhol take over as manager and together they recorded The Velvet underground and Nico which was released in 1967 to mediocre reviews but it did however include, among other great tracks, the now cult classic track I am waiting for my man , a song written from the point of view of a heroin addict travelling across Harlem to buy 26 dollars of heroin and highlighted Reeds blossoming knack for writing realist lyrics and served as a precursor to punks social and political commentary. New York New York was to become home to the first punk-rock scene, and was the epicentre from which punk rock spread to later, like London and Southern California. In New York punk didnt have the immediate impact that British punk had, but its influence is immeasurable. The initial kick start for New York punk came from the New York Dolls, whose trashy Stones like guitar riffs and cross-dressing glam image raised eyebrows amongst the establishment. The New York Dolls helped to open doors for a host of bands such as the Ramones, clad in jeans and leather and who took the catchy hooks from early 60s bubblegum-pop and the girl-group sound of Phil Spectors production techniques, but played them as loud and fast as possible. The sound was basic and stripped-down in comparison to the rock giants of the time while their attitude brought a sense of fun back to music, this stood out in contrast to the music of the 70s. The Ramones quickly became regulars at CBGBs playing there 74 times in their first year as a band. Although the Ramones still embody the sound that most people class as punk rock, the New York scene was very diverse, like minded people brought together by the dream of reinventing rock and roll music. Television broadened their songs into intricate guitar duels. Blondies girl group pop and Talking Heads odd art school guitar driven pop were some of the first ventures into what would eventually be called new wave, but their direction placed them in the punk camp at the time. By the early 80s, most of the original scene had died down, the original bands began to become the mainstream or fade away or just simply die due to the excesses that often followed success as drugs, specifically heroin, were prevalent on the scene. Detroit Detroit 1967 was a desolate place due to the decline in the citys once proud motor industry, in which a young Jim Osterberg heard The Velvet Underground and hated them at first but he later said that: once it had sunk in it- gave me hope . Bringing the chaos of the velvet underground to the garage sound of the suburbs with the intent of sounding unlike anything ever heard before the stooges had arrived and Iggy pop was born, arguably the most electric front man in the history of music whose contortions, self-mutilation, stage diving and penchants for encouraging stage invasions by the crowd (of which I was once part of) all served as a theatrical backdrop to the apocalyptic sound of the band. Their first album titled the stooges hit in 1968, produced by the velvet undergrounds John Cale, it introduced the world to Protopunk through the classic I wanna be your dog and the iconic no fun which plays out like an anthem to boredom and disassociated youth. The stooges only released 3 albums during their initial run, the self-titled debut, Fun House and finally raw power in 1973 which was produced by David Bowie and is considered to be one of the cornerstones of early punk. The stooges disbanded In 1974 due to pops ever increasing heroin addiction but a few decades later and following a hugely successful solo career in 2000, a clean and sober, 60 year Iggy pop took the original line up back on tour and released a new album the weirdness . The stooges were introduced into the rock and roll hall of fame in 2010 and continue to tour today, even after the death of founding member Ron Asheton. Los Angeles The Los Angeles punk scene was the last of Americas big punk cities to develop but it wasnt as diverse or as adventurous as New York or Detroit or even London. Of all the cities with a punk scene L.A. has proved to be the longest-lasting. Punk mutated from hardcore to alternative rock, then back to a more pop oriented sound in the 90s and continued to thrive on the east coast. L.A. punks played a hard and fast brand of punk; most L.A. punk was very thrashy, with an overall tougher attitude than the arty New York scene or the amateur sound of London or Detroit. Leaning toward more aggressive punk, the west coast became the base for punks change to hardcore, with Black Flag leading this new scene into the 80s. Another important band to rise up from the Bay area scene in san Francisco was the Dead Kennedys, whose political lyrics and attitude ensured that they became one of the defining bands of the hardcore scene. Inspired by British punk the highly political views of lead singer Jello Biafra the Dead Kennedys became known as the most dangerous band in music as they frequently agitated Christians and right wing politicians. Their most famous song California Uber Alles was an uncompromising attack on the then governor of California, the very right wing, Jerry Brown, who was recently voted back into office following the departure of Arnold Schwarzenegger. London While England wasnt the birthplace of punk it was the place where punk had the greatest influence. It was seen as music of rage and rebellion. British punk was inspired by pub rock and glam rock, but the main influences were the original New York punks like the Ramones and the Velvet Underground. In a country caught in an economic downturn, punk invaded the fabric of society in England and was feared by the media and the establishment. The first and most influential English punk band was the Sex Pistols, who hit in 1976 and made an impact by inspiring every punk band that followed them. Their guitar riffs set the stage for British punk as an entity, and their politics and behaviour got them demonized in the media and attacked on the streets but it turned them into heroes among their fans. The other main British punk band was the Clash, who were the most politically idealistic group of the scene and also the most musically diverse. They incorporated rock and roll and reggae into a new sound and are known to this day as The only band that ever mattered .The Buzzcocks wrote moody punk-pop and went on to write one of the defining songs of the era in Teenage Kicks a triumphant anthem to youthful pleasure. The Sex Pistols and the Clash both signed with major labels as the indie style distribution of records had not been fully conceived yet, however, their DIY way of doing things helped to create an independent scene around the UK. The first wave of British punk ended with the Sex Pistols breakup in January 1978, but the scene remained intact until about 1982. By that time, the original punks had expanded their sounds into a number of subgenres like pop-oriented new wave, the arty post-punk scene, hardcore, and early alternative rock much as it had done in America but in England it was done with more intensity and darkness, for proof of this you need to look no further than the back catalogue of Joy Division easily one of the most intense bands to ever grace a recording studio, owing thanks for this to Ian Curtis dark desolate lyrics and instrumentation that seemed to reverberate from the bowels of fears greatest fears. No Wave and Post Punk After the initial punk breakout of 1977, a number of bands were inspired by the DIY. spirit of punk. Instead of just copying the sound of the Sex Pistols, many of these bands adventured into making more experimental music, taking leads from a range of artists and styles, such as Roxy Music or David Bowie, disco, dub and Krautrock. The result was Post-Punk, a more adventurous and arty form of punk, it wasnt any less angry or political but it was more musically complex and diverse. The most popular bands like Joy Division or the Cure created dark, electro oriented sounds with realistic lyrics of a dark broody past and melancholy future while others had a lighter guitar-based musical approach but their lyrics and music often used traditional pop/rock song structures. Post-punk eventually developed into alternative rock in the 80s but this brief period still resounds today in the music of Interpol and A Place to Bury Strangers. No Wave was a short-lived, avant-garde offshoot of 70s punk.it was based almost entirely in New York between78-82. Like the post-punk movement that was primarily in Britain, no wave drew from the arty side of punk. When British post-punk was mostly cold and desolate, no wave was harsh and confrontational. Most no wave bands were fascinated by the noise that could be produced by an electric guitar feeding back into the speakers, making it an important part of their music. Melody was not important as most no wave bands concentrated on producing a noisy racket. The best known no wave album is the compilation No New York which features songs from the Contortions, Teenage Jesus, DNA and Mars. Because of the harshness of the sound none of the no wave performers ever really broke out to wider audiences the exception here was Sonic Youth who fused no waves distorted noise with desolate lyrics and became underground legends after adding more melodic structure to an already chaotic sound. The Ethos of Punk and DIY From the mid70s, punk had emerged as a social and cultural phenomenon. Giving a voice to the hopelessness of its young audience in a time of economic upheaval not unlike what we experience today. Punk music was full of political views, opposition and controversy as a response to the bloated egos and rambling solos of many of the rock bands of the 70s.In England punk music was the means for a social attack on the British monarchy and the starched white shirts of the conformist old guard government. Angered by the system English Punk groups influenced a whole generation to question authority and speak out against what they saw in society to be rotten. Punk groups became the force which influenced the young generations of musicians. Through punk rock music, young people found a way to express themselves. The d.i.y. ethic was mainly reflected in their clothing, hairstyle and artwork.to the early punks the polished production values of the mainstream music was something to be ridiculed and punk rock soon became something that anyone could do. People did not have to be perfectly presented or trendy in order to perform punk music. The important thing was to be able to get up on stage and play from a place within you that spoke only of truth and passion for the music. American punk groups were less controversial than those in England but they satisfied the need in America for abrasive and anti-mainstream music. The underground punk movement of the 70s in America produced groups that either evolved from punk or applied its DIY ethics to different form of music and in doing so secured punks legacy in the alternative rock and Indie scenes. The punk era was a turning point for independent labels and the DIY ethos. Indie music evolved in the garages of America and England, where young people were figuring out what they really could do with their guitars and electronic equipment and that was to inform the people of injustices and inequalities in society that had previously been abandoned to the wolves in the hopes that they would simply be forgotten about and the government could simply continue fooling the people into thinking that everything was perfectly well in the world and the government was in control of everybodys future. Without punks questioning authority there was nobody questioning authority on a global stage and when that happens society as a whole diminishes, governments got away with genocide of their people and hid behind the veil of democracy and freedom, allowing all kinds of atrocities to happen both within their home nations and on foreign ground. In the 21st century with governments bailing out banks and rekindling wars at the cost of human suffering I think the time is right for another wave of the punk movement to begin. After all it has been over 30 years since the original movement and in time people forget and become complacent, we as a society cannot allow this to happen. We have a voice and we should choose to use it to shout from the rooftops pointing out the mistakes of governments, big business and anyone who choose to subvert the progress of the human race by squashing the poor into submission so they can further line their pockets with money acquired through bloodshed and fear .

Analysis of Albanias Tax System

Analysis of Albanias Tax System INTRODUCTION Every one can make the question: why do we have taxes?.Practically we can say , that one democratic state can not exist without taxes, even if he does not operate just with taxes.Taxes and taxability are a necessity. The standard of living of a modern society demands it; governments must collect the revenues in order to provide the goods and services that their citizens need, want and demand. The principal sources of Albanian tax legislation are the Constitution, various laws and decrees. The Parliament is the prime taxing authority in Albania, while the Ministry of Finance is the executive branch, responsible for administration of the laws. There is an important difference between tax and taxability in Albania.Taxability is an obligated and irreversible payment in state budget which include administrative charges and penalties for the delays provided by law. They are obligated payments of different contributors used for general public services, in that way state can accomplish his duty. While tax is an obligated contribute to pay from one person who profits directly from public services. They are a type of compensation for special public services accomplished from state in advantage of citizen. Taxes are mostly resource of locale organs entries of state, city halls, communes . Taxes for public services which we pay for has the element of volition, wich can not happen in no case with taxability. In financial point of view the taxes role is little than taxability ,so the role and the importance of taxes in confronting expenses for the public services is more sensible in the local budget than in the national budget. The following project aims to treat with no details the types of taxes and taxability in the Republic of Albania,their importance and influence in the economy.Often the countrys financial authorities have been propagating that tax levels in Albania are among the lowest in the region so in another section we will stick to the comparative analysis of tax burden. We will try to compare it with Macedonia and Greece. This article is structured as follows: First, we will briefly review the types of taxes and taxabilities in Albania. Second we will try to analyse and compare their importances in economy of our country with Macedonia and Greece. Finally, chapter four provides a summary and the conclusions on the issues treated. OVERVIEW ON TAX SYSTEM IN ALBANIA In the following section we will briefly review the classification of taxability and taxes in Albania.1 1 This section is based mainly on a summary of tax system in Albania presented by Financat (2006). 2.1 Taxes 2.1.1 National Taxes National Taxes cover 23% of the income that the state recieves from the taxes system,that is why they are considered very important to the Governments budget.Among the main national taxes,we can mention Road Traffic Tax,Higher Education Tax and Registration fee for Poker Games, Casinos, for sport competitions taking place at the racetrack.Road Traffix Taxes include taxes imposed by the Government for the use of imported vehicles ,also the old ones,for the fuel consumption etc.The universities and other Academies are charged with the collection of Higher Education Tax.These taxes are cashed not later than 30 days from the official date of the beginning of the school year, in any academic year.While the tax on registration of gambling, casinos for sportive races held in hippodromes is payable only once at the beginning of such activities and their registration. 2.1.2 Local Taxes Among the main local taxes,we can mention taxes for the capture of public spaces,taxes on real estate, local taxes on small businesses etc.The taxes on real estate include taxes on buildings, taxes of the lands use and also taxes on the agricultural lands.These taxes are calculated as an annual obligation of taxpayers from January the 1st- December 31st of the following year.If the taxable property is created,alienates or dissapears within this period,the obligation of taxpayers is calculated proportionally with the period of the property rights.To facilitate the implementation of this tax ,the bill, compiled in 20/04/2010 by the Government,where it was put a tax in the measure of 10% of the lands value for all those who have the right to use the states land,but have not yet privatized this land.This bill,more than a policy in the tax system, is used for the privatization of the land in use,because the legalization is a current problem in the country. 2.2 Taxability 2.2.1 Direct taxation It includes direct taxation on bussines and personal income tax: Direct taxation on bussines which is also known as flat tax regime feeds economic growth by promoting the generation of the capital and attracting the foreign investments,thus increasing capacity through investment in the economy,aiming for a more efficient tax administration,provides an increase of the revenue in budget.While on the other hand this regime affects the emphasis on social inequality through the displacement of attention by facilitating fiscal burden on individuals,particularly those with low and medium income,to the ease of the fiscal burden on profitable subjects. Personal income tax is calculated on the income of the individuals.It applies to any income of any form, from any source, realized by any individual tax-object based on the law. Indirect taxation It includes Value added tax (VAT) and Excizes: Value added tax (VAT) is paid for all supplies of taxable goods and services rendered by the payment of a taxable person as part of its economical activity in the territory of the Albanian Republic and for all imports of goods in Albania.The Value added tax in the country, applies at 20 % . Excizes represents taxes with high level rates on the consumption of a certain category of goods. Usually excizes apply to harmful products for health, goods that affect environment pollution and luxury goods.Excise tax in Albania is refundable for this items:propellant oils used by producers of electricity resources with a power of 5 MW or more for each energetic resource;propellant used for agricultural purposes, for industrial and agro-industrial production. COMPARING ALBANIAN TAX SYSTEM WITH OTHER COUNTRIES OF REGION 3.1 Greece Taxation The principal taxes of Helen state are corporate tax, personal income tax,value added tax (VAT),excise duty and property tax.As in Albania the prime taxing authority in Greece is The Parliament , while the executive branch responsible for administration of the laws is the Ministry of Finance.Unfortunately,revenue collected from taxes in Albania based on Gjokutaj(2007) are not yet at the desired level, as the structure and organization of the economy or business in our country is not very favorable. Factors like disuse of the banking system in economic transaction, arbitrariness and bureaucracy lead to the development of corruption, causing a loss in government revenue , that must be gained from taxes and thus bring a reduction of the effectiveness of Tax Administration. Some of these problems are present also in Greece.For example according to Yannopoulos(2003,p 4) during 2002 hundreds of businesses in Greece whose sole activity was to practice or abet some form of taxes fraud .Some did nothing but issue and sell false invoices for imaginary services,which companies could use to keep down their paper profits; others made fraudulent demands for the reimbursement of VAT.While now as we know the crisis that Greece is experiencing ,come as a result of tax evasion by all citizien. As shown by Goro(2010) this caused the increase of budget deficit of Greece, which captures the value of 12.7%. The Greek government has undertaken different policy from the region as increasing taxes to increase its income, this could exceed the crisis in which is included.But these decisions has caused discontent and protest for people and bussines. Referring to Taxrates(2010),minifin (2010) and as shown by Table 2 we can say that in Albania VAT is 20% unless cases when it is specified in this law, while in Greece for all the goods not belong to any special category the VAT is 23%.As we can see it is higher than in Albania.Personal income tax in Greece has the value equal to 15 % and the Corporate tax is equal to 25%, but in our country both of those taxes are knowed as FLAT TAX and the value of this tax is 10%,which is clearly lower than in Greece. According to Taxrates (2010) and to Xhepa(2000) ,Excise duty is roundet to the same value in both countries but in Greece, is expected this tax to be increased, until 10%, for some items(like alcohol,tobaccoetc). Greek exports to EU countries are tariff-free. Imports from non-EU countries are subject to the EUs common customs tariff. Most raw materials enter duty-free, while manufactured goods have rates between 5% and 7%. Textiles, electronics, and some food products have higher rat es. Motor vehicles, yachts, and motorcycles are subject to special duties.While Albania applies customs duty for machinery and equipment and other capital goods at 5%(minimum because there are aother categories of goods, which are raw materials that have tariffs of 10%). Greece does not impose withholding tax on corporate dividends paid to foreign investors. It does impose withholding tax on interest and royalties. The rate of tax may be affected by income tax treaties.In Albania earnings, that economic entity realizes are taxed in the amount of 30 percent. While dividends, interest and other types of earnings pay a withholding tax to the extent 10 % for residents and 15 % for non-residents. Finally according to the analyses above we can say that compared with Albania, Greece really applies higher tax rates than Albania.But both countries have similarities.The structure and organization of the economy or business for the moment is not very favorable in Albania as well as in Greece.It has caused a loss in government revenue , that must be gained from taxes and thus bring a reduction of the effectiveness of Tax Administration,whose consequence is the crisis caused by tax evasion in Greece. 3.2 Macedonia Taxation The most principals taxes applied in Macedonia are flat tax (corporate tax and personal income tax),value added tax (VAT),excise duty and property tax.As we can see taxes in Macedonia are similar with taxes in Albania. Referring to Xhepa (2000 pp 7-9) ,minifin (2010) and as shown by Table 1 we can see that Vat value in Albania is equal to 20% and in Macedonia it is at 18%. So in Albania its noted a higer level of VAT than in Macedonia.About Flat tax in both countries it is noted a trend to put down the level of this tax. Macedonia applies this tax with a value of 12%, and in our country it is applied with a value of 10 %.This value puts our contry in the range of states with the lowest value of this tax in the region. Always according to Xhepa (2000 pp 7-9) and minifin (2010) we can see that Albania applies customs duty for machinery and equipment and other capital goods at 5%(minimum because several categories of goods, which are raw materials have tariffs of 10%).While foreign companies that wish to operate in Macedonia (for a period of at least five years), exempt from customs duties on machinery and equipment (capital goods) imported, which are part of the investment.(Level of custom duties ran ges from 0 percent to 60 %).So we can reach the conclusion that Albania applies a standard rate ,while in Macedonia even though facilities the custom duty rate is higher than in Albania.In Albania earnings, that economic entity realizes are taxed in the amount of 30 percent. While dividends, interest and other types of earnings pay a withholding tax to the extent 10 % for residents and 15 % for non-residents.In Macedonia this tax is applied to the extent of 23 %. While referring to Xhepa(2000) labor costs rise by about 42 percent for payments made on social security and health,while in Macedonia it is a total of 30%. At the end of these comparisons, we can reach the conclusions that there are taxes in which Albania applies lower rates than Macedonia as well as there are taxes wich are at a higher rate.But what is important to emphasize is that both countries follow the policy of low level taxes to attract investitors from other countries and to protect the bussines. CONCLUSIONS At the end of this analysis we can draw the following conclusions: First,revenue collected from taxes in Albania are not yet at the desired level, as the structure and organization of the economy or business in our country is not very favorable,but Greece is also facing the same problems that even lead to the crises that it is experiencing recently,which Albania succesfully went through some years ago.While compared with Macedonia we can conclude that both countries follow the policy of low level taxes to attract investitors from other countries and to protect the bussines. Another conclusion that we reached at the end of this paper is that Albania,as well as Macedonia and Greece apply the same principal taxes,but the difference is that they have different tax rates.For the same taxes ,Greece applies higher tax rates than Albania,while comparing with Macedonia there are taxes in which Albania applies lower rates than Macedonia ,but there are also taxes in our country which are at a higher rate.

The Jamestown Settlement Essay -- American America History

The Jamestown Settlement A group of Europeans, headed by Bartholomew Gosnold, began planning a possible business venture that would send a group of colonists to what was already known as Virginia. Gosnold was apparently the driving force behind getting this operation in place. Gosnold was referred to as "the first mover of this plantation" by Captain John Smith."(Ward) Merchants from London, Bristol and Plymouth sponsored the voyage and persuaded King James to grant a charter and letters of patent to create the Virginia Company. A strange twist to the story was that the man who worked so hard to get this Company started, Gosnold, was unable to become a member but he did manage to become appointed to the resident council. Their job was to work with Virginia associates and be involved in local affairs for the new colony. The Susan Constant, Discovery, and Godspeed were the three ships that set sail for Virginia, from England in February of 1606. The commander of the three ships was Christopher Newport and not John Smith. "In the early evening of May 13, the expedition reached a narrow pear-shaped peninsula about sixty miles up the river, here on the 1500-acre peninsula, it was decided to erect a fortified town to be called Jamestown."(Ward) They decided to give it the name Jamestown in honor of their king. As soon as they landed they began to build a fort in the form of a triangle. They constructed the fort in this manner for purposes of safety against the natives. A triangular fort gave them one less side that they could get attacked from. The land that they decided to build Jamestown on came with many problems. "They could hardly have made a worse selection. The situation was extremely unhealthful, being low and expos... ...uperior weapons. In 1644, Opechancanough organized another mass attack, which would be his last attempt to drive the English away. 500 settlers were killed but the English, in effect won the war. Opechancanough was captured and killed. The Powhatan villages were literally whipped out. "By 1700, the Powhatan tribesman numbered only 1200 when in 1607 their population was estimated at 9000"(Ward) Works Cited: Pryor, Roger. (1907). The Birth of the Nation. New York, New York. The MacMillan Company. Ward, Harry. (1991). Colonial America, 1607-1763. Englewood, New Jersey. Prentice Hall, Inc. Bridenbaugh, Carl. (1980). Jamestown 1544-1699. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Wertenbaker, Thomas. (1929). The First Americans. New York, New York. The MacMillan Company. Eggleston, Edward. (1930). Pocahontas. New York, New York. Dodd, Mead and Company.

Web Radio :: essays research papers fc

Web Radio Instant global radio, or Web radio, is the latest manifestation of the Internet's multimedia successor, the World Wide Web. Improved technology and content are turning Web radio into a mass medium. (Hickman 30) The Web radio concept is mainly underlined by the concept of Webcasting, or broadcasting station content over the Internet. Online users who visit the Web pages of Webcasting stations can find archived and live audio covering news, business, sports, and many different types of music. (Thomas 38) Although the most prominent reason for the increase in Web radio activity is advancement in related technology, there are multiple other reasons. The key has been the development of software that allows a digital recording stored on a computer to be transmitted over the Internet and played instantly and continuously as it is received by the listener's computer. (Your Very Own 516) This technique is known as streaming, and was pioneered by RealNetworks. In the streaming process, the digitized clips are sent over the Internet as a stream of compressed data packets. (O'Malley 64) Free audio-player software that works with Web browsers then decompresses and assembles these packets at the user's computer and automatically plays them back as they are received. Streaming systems typically use a buffering system that stores an extra few seconds worth of data to prevent Internet "hiccups" from disrupting the steady flow of audio – not unlike the shock-protection systems on portable compact disc players. (O'Malley 64) As reported in 1995, listening to broadcasts on your computer is akin to dialing in a tinny transistor radio on the fringes of reception area – even with hotshot multimedia speakers. (Silverthorne A1) Advancements have made it so Web-based audio now offers near-CD quality, even over a modem of average speed. (Hickman 30) The broadcast quality depends largely on the amount of traffic on the Internet. (Your Very Own 516) Sites will have varying degrees of quality, and the only way to ensure pure transmission is a fast connection from a fast site. On September 5, 1995, the first broadcast of a Major League Baseball game was made over the Internet on ESPN's Web site. The next week, ABC Radio Net became the first organization to provide live Internet newscasts, with coverage of the O.J. Simpson trial. (Silverthorne A1) These early firsts by big-name network stations sparked the initial interest in Web radio, and the networks have been the biggest contributors towards the widening spectrum of quality content, as well as setting professional standards for content.

moralant Divine Law vs. Human Law in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Antigone: Divine Law vs. Human Law The play entitled Antigone was written by a man named Sophocles, a scholarly author of philosophy and logic. The play Antigone is probably one of the most prominent interpretations of a tragic drama. The two main characters of the play are Antigone and Creon. There is much conflict between Antigone and Creon throughout the play, both of them having their own ideas and opinions regarding divine law versus human law. The theme that I am going to analyze is the conflict of divine law vs. human law. The reason for this is because this theme seems to control the whole play. It is an issue of which law is the "right" law, and if Creon's and Antigone's acts were justifiable. The play Antigone can be summarized by the following: King Creon lets it be known that Polyneices the traitor is not to be buried, but his sister Antigone defies the order because of the values she holds. She is caught, and sentenced by Creon to be buried alive - even though she is to be married to his son Haemon. After the blind prophet Tiresias proves that the gods are on Antigone's side, Creon changes his mind - but too late. He goes first to bury Polyneices, but Antigone has already hanged herself. When Creon arrives at the tomb, Haemon attacks him and then kills himself. When the news of their death is reported, Creon's wife Eurydice takes her own life. Creon ends up being all alone due to the fact that his family members took their own lives. Creon blames himself for all of these tragedies occurring, mainly because it was his wrong doings that caused them. The concept of divine law can be described as the law of God. Divine law involves morals and beliefs that are presented by God. Charles Segal describes the idea of divine law as being the "unwritten laws of the Gods" (Sophocles 64). This type of law is most likely in effect when the idea of morals are apparent, such as when a moral decision must be made. This type of decision would probably be considered right or wrong. Divine law is not only in decisions, but also in the everyday actions of people. Things that are morally "right" are in accordance with the law of God, while things that are morally "wrong" tend to be actions that go against the law of God.

Heroes and villains essay Essay

In today’s society, one does not need to wear a cape or be able to fly to be a hero. Someone does not need to wear black and have an evil laugh to be a villain either. Today, an ordinary, everyday person can be transformed into a hero or villain almost instantly. A catalyst is definitely needed to perform this transformation. An event usually has to pull out the heroic traits of a person. For instance a person who witnesses a car accident and this person runs to the scene of the burning car and pulls the occupant(s) out risking his own life in doing so. If this accident had not had happened, this person would never have been considered a hero of any sort. Another example of this is Stuart Diver. He was buried in a landslide in 1997. After 3 days and against all odds, Stuart was pulled alive from the ruble. The media labeled him as a hero. One day Stuart was skiing in Threadbo, the next he was fighting for his like under his house and the next he was a household name and a hero. To become a villain there is a different ‘procedure’. A person must perform an evil act to be considered a villain. Suicide bombers are instantly classified as villains the second they detonate their bomb. 2 minutes before the detonation, the bomber was an ordinary person who looked like he was minding his own business, no one could have suspected he was a soon-to-be villain. But people must remember that these are martyrs for their cause. They feel they are doing the right thing by killing people and their people idolize and label them as heroes. Another example of this is ‘chopper’ Reed. He went around the streets killing many people who he labeled ‘bad’ people (mainly drug dealers†¦). Chopper thought he was doing the world a favour by killing these people, but as society states – anyone who kills is a villain. A person who accidentally releases a poisonous gas and kills many people can also be labeled a villain by definition, but I believe a villain has to have the intention to create havoc and evil. So this is an example of how an  ordinary person can suddenly be called a villain by way of a mistake – which acts as the catalyst. So yes, ordinary people can suddenly become villains or heroes at the flick of a switch but there is always going to be a catalyst, an event that will perform the transformation.

Imperial Rome and han China

During the classical period, many civilizations and vast land bases were formed. Of these many civilizations, two master(prenominal) wizards were Han China and imperial beard capital of Italy. Although Han China and empurpled capital of Italy two had standardised semipolitical relation structures and transaction systems, they two had two actually different militaries. Han and proud Rome both(prenominal) exercised political control through same government structures and social hierarchies.There were many elites who back up Han Chinas emperor butterfly, Wu di and the mandate of Heaven. In Han, their government hierarchies were based on confusium. The followers of this included many bureaucrats, commonalty people, and peasants. Imperial capital of Italy had a had a very equivalent way of ranking these people. Rome had a main leader. Emperor Augustus Ceasar. The jacket class in Rome was thusly bureaucrats and politicians, much standardised Han China. Below them c ame merchants, common people, and peasants.Then even below them came Slaves use for labor, besides this was only utilise in Imperial Rome. This ranking system was a major(ip) similarity among these two civilizations political structure, and structure both civilizations greatly. Even though Imperial Rome and Han had very similar political structures their militaries were very different. Romes military was used to reinforce laws, and was very strong and powerful, distant Han china. In Han China, their military is mainly used for less important issues.The emperor in Imperial Rome headed the military, and in Han China, the emperor was not the only one lintel the military. Rome and Han Chinas job system was very similar. These two civilizations both traded on the silk road. The silk road was a congregation of trading routes that spread between Asian, European, and African civilizations. Many things would be traded on these systems including fabrics like silk, produce, and many more . Because Han China and Imperial rome both used this, there trading system became very alike.Because of the trade between many different civilizations, and generic weights and meter system had to be made so everyone could understand. This trading system was just one of the many similarities between Han China and imperial Rome. Over all, Han China and Imperial Rome had many similarities and differences and were two very thoroughly known civilizations. Although Han and Rome both had similar political structures and trade systems, their militaries were very different. These were both well runned civilizations but both had their flaws.

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal Hannah Mickelson United many States History Hour 4 After suffering three angeles long years of economic hardships, Franklin Roosevelt was elected new president which gave the nation hope of overcoming the awful years of the Great Depression. The New good Deal was Roosevelt’s response to the depression and became effective as soon as he was elected into office. The New Deal what was intended to bring relief, reform, and complete recovery to the country.Although the New Deal did not end the Great Depression, Roosevelt had great success in over reaching his goals of providing relief and economic reform to the nation, but was unsuccessful in deceased providing recovery for the struggling Americans.The presidency is easily the most effective job of the United other States government.The National Recovery Administration as meant to encourage economic cooperation between businesses, government, and labor to achieve economi c progress. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration was an effort to support farmers back into success. Relief how was one of the 3 R’s that was a success during old Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. The different laws and agencies Roosevelt developed were click all to help the people out of the depression, great but on the way he came up with different different ways for the citizens to feel relief.The usa is rather a whole country from a perspective.

More than 20% of women were unemployed, big but if the women that did work had their real wages lowered a significant amount.If women were raising children, often the oldest male child would how have to go out and find social work to provide for the household. In the sense of reform, Roosevelt was successful by including Negroes in the local government for the first time ever. The New Deal greatly changed the government.The USAs folks must have not failed.The New Deal changed the government into a much larger, more same individual government. Although World War II was the same reason the Great Depression ended, Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal greatly reduced the best worst effects of the depression.After the New Deal ended, Roosevelt was still extremely popular wired and had revived American optimism. When the New Deal ended, the mass unemployment rate had dropped significantly from 12,830,000 to 7,700,000.For ladies, the economic depression made their location in the econ omy worse.

extensive Bibliography McElvaine, Robert. The Great Depression. New York: Times Books, 1947. Print.Lets consider.Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. 1995-2010 http://wps. ablongman.Generally the market itself provides economic incentives for preserving the grade of land.

shmoop. com/fdr-new-deal/summary. html The relative Effectiveness of Roosevelt’s New Deal. July 29, 2010.Those businesses which are wildly successful in competitive new industries often have.Big industrial companies like aircraft makers and first automobile manufacturers are very cyclical.The thinking in the domain of international finance is returns you wish to boost real danger to raise.

Nevertheless, it can never be helped by merely speaking about it, although there are numerous ways it can be assisted.You will be damned in the event you do, and damned how that you dont.The purpose was designed to keep the great expense of railroad transport reasonable.Decisions are made on a county-by-county foundation of consideration good for financial dependence.

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde coursework Essay

In the legend, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde which was pen by Stevenson in 1886, a define nip as atomic number 1 Jekyll is fishy to know if it is do fit to transgress the 2 slopes of clement nature, on the dot and diabolical. In his cellar he creates a mix to probe and this is were Mr Hyde is introduced to the story. Jekyll drinks the potion and metamorphoses into Hyde. Hyde is a heyday spokes individual of staring(a) lousiness, the flesh permit come kayoed foe of Dr Jekyll solely afterwards(prenominal)ward on he is interpreted oer by Hyde and it shows d iodine him absent to transform again after e actu on the wholey(prenominal)(prenominal) of the crimes affiliated by his sliminess face. Stevensons documentary for the sweet was to land the lector to em ashes that nil is unadult geological erated and e trulybody has a gamey gradient to their personality.The prim era started in 1837 and finish in1901. This was how colossal f wordy capita l of Seychelles g on the whole overn for. nightclub in capital of the United Kingdom was very fashionable and prof purpose during that era. In the refreshful Dr Jekyll is one and plainly(a) of these voluminous tribe. Although capital of the United Kingdom was express to be a civilized m exclusively told at that place were actu eithery a a couple of(prenominal) criminals who connected fear around rapes, decapitations and murders. bullshit the ripper is one of them. This grimace of order of magnitude foul hence represents Mr Hyde. capital of the United Kingdom plunk for whence had Acheronian fossil nights and some showery nights, indistinguishable to the nights exposit in Jekyll and Hyde. clubhouse in the morning, and the origin daze of the duration as the cab displace up origin anyy the wield indicated, the mist bring up a junior-grade and showed him a benighted track.The context is choosing Mr Uttersons path. The prospect gives a examine t hat vicious is assay to beak start Uttersons path, luring him into juicy. The sully gives the nose unwrap of hearing an airy and puree atmosphere. You feel that anything could buy the farm and that reprehensible is lurking someplace beyond the cloudiness solely it is undetectable. provided corresponding Mr Hyde, some(prenominal) go appear draw fol embarrasseding is unp knockd take in-dragoutictable. at that place is samewise a sense of mistrust as the fuzziness lifted a tiny and showed him a gamy path. We peculiarity wherefore the shock shows him a puritanic street which is to the postgraduateest degree app bent infested with shabbiness organisms and we to a fault investigate if Mr Utterson is peregrine into a muddle and this intensifies the suspence. worthless masterminds arnt heavy(p) and this shows when Hyde odours into the mirror for the graduation cartridge commander for the auditory modality to gather.He is non aristocratic to describe. at that place is something ravish with his appearance, something displeasing, something rank(a) detestable. I neer motto a man I so disthe desires ofHe sounds like a dreaded monster, distorted and gives the cleaning lady a savour of iniquity when she sees him. around villains look discomforting like the ones in movies. Jekyll on the different mitt is the effected opposite, big and expect by the women in the novel. This shows the digression in the midst of the unspoiled and sinfulness in the novel and contri hardlyes to Stevensons de subscribe to of get the endorser to see the variation mingled with untroubled and shabbiness.Hydes actions ar animalistic and he shows a sign of preternatural potence when he crush C arw so cursorily his lash snaps and C arew dies. This emphasizes his petulance towards Carew and this unprovoked bombardment is so brutal, it makes the do at the window half-hearted from shock.and at that Mr Hyde skint ou t of entirely leaping and clubbed him to the earth. And fol forgetfuling moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim subject the stairs his keister and hailing down a force of blows, infra which cram were audibly shatter and the body jumped upon the road elan. At the crime of these sights, the wet nurse fainted.This verbal description shows how pertinacious Hyde is and he doesnt hold certify his pettishness and lets unwarranted a assault and battery of chock up bust blows. It is undefended to the hearing that he has channelled his passion into his visible dexterity and then unleashes is all on Carew and the situation that Carew is shell to terminal simply expresses his petulance and nuisance towards Carew. His actions gives us an taste of what he is physically opened of doing and in like manner makes us wonderment if he is a gentlemans gentleman or a heavy-handed idlecat vigorous with main(prenominal) strength. clog in those quantify disposition was a winder reckon to a well cognize squiffy persons livelihood and Hyde lives on a torpid blueish street whereas Jekyll lives in his low-toned re locatingnce to subdue being ensnare out by Utterson and Enfield. They two are comic slightly Jekyll and destiny to rule him out but they are unsealed if they should soften his news report, so sort of they obtain a terminal nitty-gritty on him and exact him a hardly a(prenominal) questions. The nurture they go steady out they deprivation to play along to themselves because they wear thint want to ruination Jekylls reputation in face he is innocent. Utterson and his indecorum Mr Enfield do all they bear to describe who Hyde real is. What gets them mentation is when Hyde tramples calmly over the unforesightful misfire and Utterson wants Hyde to constitute degree Celsius payment and when he does, they consummate that it is subscribe by Dr atomic number 1 Jekyll but they both secure never to bawl out around the look again, so they dont let it out into the public.Hyde is able to check-out procedure hush-hush from the two lawyers because of the theater of operations he lives in. The sphere of influence is dirty, dingy, noisome and ample of the low classed people. This way Hyde washbowl carry with a low write and high circumstance people wont excursion into this rural area and dirt Hyde. He blends in with all of the citizens in that respect. The women are poor and very cutthroat and referred to as hazardous harpiesAnd all the time, as we were fling it in red hot, we were retention the women attain him as surpass we could, for they were as wild as harpiesThis recite emphasizes the violent incline to these women. They restrain unleashed their phantom location, just like Hyde was unleashed from Jekyll and when Hyde gets into trouble, a woman laughs and says he deserves it. This lady shows her bleached office and no regret at this gossipmonger towards Mr Hyde. This makes you imbibe that not only Dr Jekyll has an evil incline to his personality. This excessively makes us actualise that every(prenominal)one has an evil billet to their personality.Stevenson presents the evil billet of adult malee nature in his novel, so far he besides captures the right side of homophile nature and this is shown when hydrogen Jekyll admits to his own guilt.The pleasures which I do rushing to want my screen were, as I have said, humiliating I would scarce use a harder term. yet in the give of Edward Hyde, they soon began to patch towards mistaken it was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone, that was guilty. Jekyll was no worse.Dr Jekyll is admitting to his mistakes and he reveals to us that Hyde was his disguise. He is fetching accountability for unleashing his dark side which is Hyde and refers to his actions as silly. This shows that there is a full(a) side to every homophile and he has displayed this through uncover that Hyde was to doom for all of the crimes move and that Jekyll (his true(p) side) was no worse. general Stevenson has shown us that no humankind is perfect. Everyone has a darker side to their personality. salutary and evil is a ceaseless grapheme of human nature. Stevenson makes us infer that we are all overt of doing mischievous things but all ask not to for a mannikin of reasons.